Hi @Dan_Reitman,
Welcome to the community!
You cannot select columns programatically on Coda or somehow check if all columns are empty or not. So you do need to change your data structure in order to solver your problem.
In this thread, the data was similar (cities with multiple metrics) so the solution proposed there would probably fit you too.
New formulas for columns - Suggestion Box - Coda Maker Community
You can still visualize all the attributes as columns by grouping the table the way I demonstrated in the example.
Hope this helps,
Pablo