@Federico_Stefanato, thank you!
Very cool workaround, and it does exactly what I wanted to do.
Would be cool if Coda team can implement it as a native feature of checkboxes, because wide control table does not feel native on mobile at all (like so many other features of Coda).
I played with your example and out of curiosity extended it to use more than one criteria for the filter.
Here is the same table with more filtering options (dropdown for the “Color” is not working on mobile):